海水淡化对环境及人体健康影响的研究进展

海水淡化是解决淡水资源不足的重要途径,反渗透膜淡化技术是首选的海水淡化方法。随着淡化技术的广泛应用,海水淡化对环境与人群健康的影响越来越需要受到关注。     

浙江省舟山市2011－2013年发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析

目的 分析浙江省舟山市2011－2013年发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)病例的流行特征,为防控提供建议和对策.方法 收集整理舟山市2011－2013年SFTS病例个案调查表及人口学资料,利用描述性流行病学方法分析病例临床和流行病学特征.结果 2011－2013年舟山市共报告SFTS 45例,病死率为11.11%(5/45),其中岱山县41例(91.11%).病例以山区丘陵>50岁人群为主(93.33%),5－7月为发病高峰(84.44%),多数为农民(42.22%)和家务待业(31.11%),男女性发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).大部分病例有发热(97.78%)、食欲减退(91.11%)、乏力(62.22%)、畏寒(44.44%)等非特异性临床表现,且均伴有血小板、白细胞水平进行性下降.病例居住地环境卫生普遍较差,且病前2周进行农田种植等户外活动的比例为68.89%(31/45),部分病例发病前有明确蜱叮咬史,并发现3起流行病学相关事件.结论 舟山市SFTS是由新布尼亚病毒感染引起,具有清晰流行病学特征的自然疫源性疾病,蜱为主要的传播媒介,且可能存在人传人现象.改善居住环境卫生条件及做好户外防护措施对降低发病具有一定意义.     

舟山渔场主要海产品中甲基汞污染状况调查分析

[目的]了解舟山渔场主要海产品中甲基汞污染状况,为海产品的安全监督管理提供依据.[方法]于2007-2009年,随机抽取282份海产品进行甲基汞含量检测分析.[结果]舟山渔场主要海产品的甲基汞超标率为2.84%.不同类别海产品中甲基汞蓄积量差异有统计学意义(F=25.990,P<0.001).不同类别海产品中甲基汞的单...     

一起幼儿园鼠伤寒沙门菌食物中毒事件的调查报告

目的通过对本次事件的调查,及时查明食物中毒的原因,采取有效控制措施,防止类似事件再次发生。方法制定病例定义,开展病例主动搜索,采集病例粪便(肛拭子)、呕吐物、可疑食物及环境样本,进行病原菌细菌分离培养、血清学、生化学鉴定及核酸检测。结果本次事件共发现疑似病例53例,其中确诊病例27例。发病潜伏期在5. 5 h^41. 5 h,所有病例的临床症状相似,以发热、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐为主。在23例病例粪便和1份食物中检出鼠伤寒沙门菌。结论该次食物中毒事件为鼠伤寒沙门菌污染食物引起。     

浙江省舟山市2007年传染病疫情网络直报信息质量分析

舟山市传染病网络直报执行5年来,在报告的及时性、敏感性和准确性上逐年提高,为进一步分析该市传染病网络直报工作状况,探讨直报信息质量评价方法,更好地改进今后工作,根据2007年全市网络直报数据,对传染病直报信息质量进行综合评价与分析.     

Centralized isolation of Helicobacter pylori from multiple centers and transport condition influences

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of centralized culture and possible influencing factors.METHODS:From January 2010 to July 2012,66452 patients with suspected Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection from 26 hospitals in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces in China underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastric mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum for culture.These biopsies were transported under natural environmental temperature to the central laboratory in Hangzhou city and divided into three groups based on their transport time:5,24 and 48 h.The culture results were reported after 72 h and the positive culture rates were analyzed by a χ2 test.An additional 5736 biopsies from H.pylori-positive patients(5646 rapid urease test-positive and 90 14C-urease breath test-positive) were also cultured for quality control in the central laboratory setting.RESULTS:The positive culture rate was 31.66%(21036/66452) for the patient samples and 71.72%(4114/5736) for the H.pylori-positive quality control specimens.In the 5 h transport group,the positiveculture rate was 30.99%(3865/12471),and 32.84%(14960/45553) in the 24 h transport group.In contrast,the positive culture rate declined significantly in the 48 h transport group(26.25%; P 0.001).During transportation,the average natural temperature increased from 4.67 to 29.14℃,while the positive culture rate declined from 36.67%(1462/3987) to 24.12%(1799/7459).When the temperature exceeded 24℃,the positive culture rate decreased significantly,especially in the 48 h transport group(23.17%).CONCLUSION:Transportation of specimens within 24 h and below 24℃ is reasonable and acceptable for centralized culture of multicenter H.pylori samples.     

Associations of cadmium,bisphenol A and polychlorinated biphenyl co-exposure in utero with placental gene expression and neonatal outcomes

In utero co-exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds can perturb fetal development. However, the effect of co-exposure on pivotal regulatory genes has seldom been investigated. We explored the effects of in utero co-exposure to cadmium (Cd), bisphenol A (BPA) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on master regulator genes. We recruited 284 healthy pregnant women, of whom 262 provided both cord blood and placenta samples, and 200 had all measurements taken. Placental Cd, cord blood BPA and total PCBs in the exposed group were higher than a reference group. KISS1 expression level in placental tissue was threefold higher in the exposed group than in the reference, and was positively associated with all toxicants. Leptin and leptin receptor expression were also significantly higher, but were only associated with BPA. From our findings, we conclude that lower birth weight is correlated with Cd and PCBs, and may result from the increased KISS1 mRNA expression.     

舟山市多种类型水源水及生活饮用水水质的监测分析

[目的]了解舟山群岛多种类型水源水及生活饮用水水质状况,分析海水淡化饮用水与其他永源混合应用的价值,为确保饮用水安全提供依据.[方法]抽取舟山市疾病预防控制中心实验室2009-2011年受检的水库水270份、河水222份、市政生活饮用水192份;舟山市自来水公司实验室2009-2011年受检的大陆引水36份;嵊泗县疾病预防控制中心实验室2009-2011年受检的海水淡化水128份、2004-2006年受检的海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品299份;对生活饮用水、海水淡化水、海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品的菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、硼、总硬度、氯化物等指标及水库水、河水、大陆引水样品的氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、溶解氧、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数、粪大肠菌群等指标检测结果进行分析判定. [结果]水源水中,水库水总氮合格率为46.7％,其他检测指标合格率均较高;河水主要污染性指标检测结果合格率均较低,总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数均超过国家地表水环境功能分类Ⅲ类水源的限值,氨氮、总氮等个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准;大陆引水一期工程水样本氨氮、总氮检测的合格率仅分别为41.7％和8.3％,氨氮、总氮等个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准.生活饮用水中,海水淡化水硼合格率仅为21.6％,其他检测指标合格率均较高;市政生活饮用水、海水淡化水与地表水混合水样品检测指标合格率均较高. [结论]舟山群岛饮用水水源水主要污染性指标检测结果合格率均较低,多项指标已超过国家地表水环境功能分类Ⅲ类水源的限值,个别指标超过Ⅴ类水源的限值标准.海水淡化水与大陆引水可混合应用,但其存在一定的潜在风险.     

反相高效液相色谱法快速测定海产品中6种工业染料

目的:建立海产品中6种工业染料快速检测方法。方法:样品采用乙腈直接匀浆提取、浓缩,C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)洗脱分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果:6种工业染料在0 mg/L～5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.999,检测限均达到0.04 mg/kg。回收率范围为78%～99%,相对标准偏差均小于7%。结论:该方法快速、简便、实用,适合基层单位日常工作检测使用。     

浙江省舟山市2002-2006年实施DOTS策略效果评价

DOTS策略是世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的全球现代结核病控制策略。为积极推进这一策略，舟山市从2002年起在各县区全面实施“浙江省结核病控制项目”，以发现并治愈传染性肺结核患者为重点，促进全市结核病控制项目的快速健康发展。